@DaftFader 560986 wrote:

-1dBFS FTW

you can get away with that even with live programme material providing there are suitable limiters, and you are also monitoring true peak level at the listeners end – what is discouraged is the “loudness sausage” and doubling up on codecs to save bandwidth, which one of the Ofcom chaps found out the big broadcasters are doing as he wondered why the output of an experimental DAB tranmission system built up of scrounged components including a 10 year old PC used as a encoder sounded way better than the existing DAB radio stations!

apparently in ES and FR it is now law that all broadcasters (which means anyone who sends audio to be listened to by a group of people, including Internet stations) must be following R128 loudness recommendations as much as possible, and if they repeatedly transmit bad audio the Communications Ministry can disconnect or block their stream or and/have their transmitter turned off!